Another substitute teaching

In case you start cooking and discover you don't have the necessary ingredient at hand, here are a few more handy substitutes that will work so nobody knows.  On the left is what you're missing; on the right is the pinch hitter.     

Tomato Products
1 tbsp ketchup          1 tbsp tomato paste + 1/4 tsp vinegar

1/2 c ketchup            1/2 c tomato sauce+ 2 tbsp sugar+1 tbsp vinegar
                                  + 1/8 tsp ground cloves
       
1 c tomato puree       1/2 c tomato paste + 1/2 c water

Flavorings
1 tsp allspice               1/2 tsp cinnamon+1/8tsp ground cloves

1 tbsp fresh ginger      1 tsp powdered ginger

1 tbsp fresh herbs       1/2 tsp dried herbs  
  
1 tsp fresh lemon juice  1/2 tsp vinegar (cider is best)

1 tbsp mustard              1 tsp dried mustard 

 3-4 drops Tabasco        1/8 tsp ground cayenne pepper

1 tbsp Worcestershire sauce   1 tbsp soy sauce+dash Tabasco                                                       and  optionally fish sauce

1/2 c  strong coffee     1 tsp instant coffee in 1/2 c water
        
 Misc 
1 oz unsweetened chocolate      3 tbsp cocoa+ 1 tbsp butter

1 2/3 oz semi- sweet chocolate  1 oz unsweetened chocolate+1                                                           heaping tbsp sugar

3 oz dried mushrooms              1 lb fresh mushrooms  

 3/4 c cracker crumbs               1 c breadcrumbs